INSOLVENCY – TEMPORARY SCHEME FOR COMPENSATORY PAYMENT IN LIEU OF STATUTORY PERIOD OF NOTICE ON TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT (under the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003)
REPORT
Background and context
Time has been of the essence in drawing up this temporary insolvency scheme, which is designed to pay compensatory statutory notice pay to employees where their employer is insolvent.
The scheme’s rationale is to make compensatory notice payments in the case of insolvency – based on the number of weeks’ statutory notice an employee was entitled to but did not receive. It does not cover any other types of payment in an insolvency situation, such as unpaid wages, and it does not cover statutory notice pay or any other payment when the employer is not insolvent.
This temporary scheme is designed to operate until the formal insolvency scheme, backed by legislation, is put in place towards the end of the year. It is important to recognise that this temporary scheme is effectively operating in isolation and, as such, its provisions will differ from the formal statutory insolvency scheme that will accompany formal statutory redundancy provision.
As well as avoiding unnecessary delay, another priority has been to design a scheme that is easily accessible to those submitting a claim and that pays out relatively quickly to those who qualify.
The temporary insolvency scheme will operate until any allocated funds have been exhausted.
In a written answer to the States on 31 March 2009, the Social Security Minister said:
‘As I stated during the debate of P34/2009, the system will be very closely based on the UK insolvency scheme, and to that effect, the payments in lieu of notice will be calculated based on the employee’s actual losses suffered. Any income received from employment and some benefits received during the period of notice will be offset against statutory notice payments, therefore reducing the period remaining to be paid in lieu by the States. Employees will be expected to attempt to minimise their losses by actively seeking employment during any period of notice in which they are not working. In particular, employees turning down the offer of employment, by either the employer or administrator of the insolvent business, without good reason, will not be entitled to any payments under the scheme.’
To incentivise people to return to work as swiftly as possible, all those who qualify will receive up to four weeks of any compensatory notice pay entitlement – with no reductions. This removes any disincentive to find work quickly.
Prompt payment is another key aspect of this scheme. In the UK, any payment in lieu of notice is only made after the end of the notice period (up to 12 weeks) when any earnings during that period have been established. Under this temporary scheme, eligible employees will not have to wait unduly for their notice payment.
When an employee’s entitlement has been established based on their rights under the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003 (see Annex 1), a payment will be made in respect of each four week payment period. For example, an employee with more than 15 years’ service who is entitled to 16 weeks’ compensatory notice pay would receive separate payments in respect of each period of four weeks within that period, i.e. four separate payments. An employee with less than 26 weeks’ service who is entitled to one week’s compensatory notice pay would receive their payment after the first four week payment period.
A compensatory payment in respect of the first one to four weeks’ notice would not be reduced by any earnings from employment, Short-Term Incapacity Allowance, Maternity Allowance or additional Income Support payments to the individual or their household as a result of their unemployment.
However, beyond this four week period, any such amounts in respect of those periods would be deducted from the compensatory notice pay, on a pound for pound basis, over each of the subsequent four week periods. For example, an employee who is entitled to eight weeks’ notice must declare any income in respect of the second four week payment period (weeks five to eight).
If it became apparent at a later date (from contributions records, for example) that a claimant had failed to declare any income then the Department would take action to reclaim any monies that had been falsely claimed.
THE SCHEME IN DETAIL
The following sets out the criteria that the Social Security Department will apply where an employer has become insolvent and has not given employees their statutory period of notice on termination of employment, as required by the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003.
The terms of the temporary scheme will reflect the requirement for the scheme to come into effect as soon as possible in the absence of statutory redundancy provisions. These terms may not necessarily mirror those of the formal scheme, but will operate until the planned statutory insolvency scheme comes into operation. Research is still underway, however it is likely that the formal scheme will broadly follow the UK and Isle of Man insolvency schemes, as Jersey is comparable to these jurisdictions in terms of legislation and practice relating to employment rights and insolvency.
Application criteria
All of the following criteria must apply to allow an employee to submit a claim to the Social Security Department for a compensatory payment in lieu of their statutory period of notice:
• The employer became the subject of a formal insolvency process having effect in Jersey on or after 4 February 2009. These processes include desastre, court and creditors winding up. The temporary scheme will therefore have application in Jersey in the case of external foreign insolvency proceedings, such as administration, as well as in domestic scenarios.
The temporary scheme only applies where the employer has become formally insolvent. It does not cover cases of redundancy or termination of employment where the employer is still operating or has just closed down out of choice and is not insolvent. In these cases, former employees who feel they have a grievance can visit the Jersey Advisory and Conciliation Service and can then, if necessary, pursue any claim through the Jersey Employment Tribunal.
- The employee must have been employed by the employer at the date of insolvency.
An employee who terminates (or gives the employer notice to terminate) their own employment during the notice period or prior to the effective date of termination of employment is not entitled to statutory notice under the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003 and therefore is not entitled to a compensatory payment in lieu of notice.
- The employee was entitled to receive a period of notice on termination of employment subject to the provisions set out in Part 6 of the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003.
- The employee’s employment was terminated and the employee was not given the statutory minimum period of notice (either in full or in part) by the employer as required on termination of employment under the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003 (see Annex 1).
Where notice has not been given to employees and the employer either has become, or is about to become, the subject of a formal insolvency process, the Minister will expect the employer to have given written notice to each employee at the earliest opportunity.
A code of practice for duly appointed insolvency practitioners (IPs) issued by the Minister under Article 2A of the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003 will set out what is expected of an IP in terms of best practice, including the giving of notice where that is possible, and the information that needs to be provided to each employee. In the interim, the Minister will write to those IPs with a local presence to advise them of what is expected.
Notice of termination of employment does not need to include a specific termination date, as each end date will depend on the individual’s length of service.
In the event of notice not having been given to an employee, the following dates will apply, notice having been deemed to have been given to the employee for the purpose of the temporary scheme on the earlier of:
- The date on which the employee was notified that the employer became the subject of a formal insolvency process;
- The date of the automatic termination of contracts, by operation of law, via the formal insolvency process (if any);
- The last day worked by the employee; or
- The date on which the employment ended if different from c).
For the avoidance of doubt, any one of the dates chosen under a), b), c) or d) constitutes ‘deemed’ notice for the purposes of the temporary scheme.
- The employee did not receive a payment from their employer in place of any statutory period of notice not given by that employer.
Notice payments will be made in accordance with article 56 of the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003, as set out in Annex 1. A week’s pay is calculated in accordance with Schedule 1 of the Employment Law. Only the statutory minimum notice payments owed (or the balance thereof) will be paid to employees. Where an employee has a contractual right to a greater period of notice on termination of employment, only the statutory minimum will be paid.
- The Social Security Department receives confirmation from the employer, IP or Viscount that it has not given notice or pay in lieu.
- The employee falls within the definition of “employee” provided at article 1A of the Employment Law (see Annex 2). Some people, including those who are self employed and self-employed contractors will not be entitled to claim under the scheme.
- The employee was not at any time during the year preceding the employer’s insolvency; 1) a director of the company (as provided by Part XIV of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991), or 2) the beneficial owner of one-half or more of the issued share capital of the company, or of any other company which at that time had control (directly or indirectly) of that company.
- The Social Security Department has received or was due to receive Class 1 contributions from that employer in respect of that employee in the quarter prior to insolvency.
- The employee worked wholly or mainly in Jersey.
- The employee who wishes to claim a compensatory notice payment must submit their application form within four weeks of the employee having been given actual or deemed notice.
The application form, available from the Department or the IP, will confirm the employee’s details, including length of service and pay, and will set out what further information is needed. Any breaks in continuous service will need to be identified.
- To qualify for the compensatory notice payment, an employee who is not employed during their period of notice must demonstrate that they are actively seeking work (unless in receipt of Short Term Incapacity Allowance or Maternity Allowance) and they must not unreasonably refuse appropriate employment.
Compensatory notice payments
All of the following apply in relation to any compensatory notice payment:
- The employee’s entitlement to a payment must have been validated by the Social Security Department as being accurate based on the employee’s period of continuous service and earnings details, as confirmed by the employee’s contract of employment and wage slips.
The Department must have cooperation from employees, employers IPs in the provision of the documents required to validate employee entitlements. Delays in validating employee entitlements will ultimately delay any payments due to employees.
- The Department must be provided with a statement confirming that all or part of the statutory notice pay remains unpaid from a person authorised to make such a statement, namely an IP or the Viscount, as appropriate.
- So as not to penalise employees who find a new job in the first four weeks, all individuals will still receive up to four weeks’ full compensatory notice pay in accordance with their rights under the Employment Law (see Annex 1). This incentive is in line with the permitted changes to earnings under Income Support, where four weeks’ leeway is given, in some circumstances, before new earnings are taken into account in an Income Support claim.
- Employees must register with the Work Zone at the Social Security Department straight away and must attempt to minimise their losses by actively seeking employment during any period of notice in which they are not already working. An employee must not unreasonably refuse appropriate new employment.
- Other than in respect of the first one to four weeks’ notice, any of the following income received will be offset against compensatory notice payments;
a) Short-Term Incapacity Allowance;
b) Maternity Allowance received by the individual; and
c) Additional Income Support payments made to an individual or their household as a result of their unemployment.
- As a condition for receiving any compensatory notice pay, employees must not unreasonably refuse to stay on in continued employment after notice has been served (or is deemed to have been given) when asked to do so by an Insolvency Practitioner (IP).
It is in everyone’s interest that in an insolvency situation there is, as far as possible, an orderly rundown of the business. This condition will only be reviewed if there is demonstrably a good reason to do so for a particular individual – such as an offer of new employment which would start straightaway. This arrangement avoids people choosing to give up work, only to receive payment from the taxpayer instead. Employees who continue to be employed after the date of insolvency are paid by the IP out of the funds of the insolvent employer that the IP is entitled to use to continue necessary services.
Employees asked to continue in employment by an IP would still receive up to four weeks’ compensatory notice pay. In these circumstances, it is not always clear how long such work will last and by allowing employees to retain their four weeks’ compensatory notice pay, they are not being disadvantaged vis-a-vis other former colleagues who were not kept on by the IP.
- Where the employee has continued to be employed after the date on which notice was given (or is deemed to have been given), any earnings from employment after the fourth week will be offset against any compensatory notice pay, provided that the employee has been paid wages, or is due to be paid wages, by the IP in respect of that period.
- The employee must sign a legal document which will assign their right to the statutory notice payment to the States, via the Social Security Minister.
This means that the States will take on the employee’s claim to the notice payment and will pursue the claim as a creditor when the proceeds of any remaining assets of the company are distributed amongst the creditors. An individual is not obliged to assign their right but if they do not, no payment will be made under the temporary scheme. Employees are encouraged to obtain their own advice, for example from a lawyer or the Jersey Advisory and Conciliation Service, before signing the legal document. An employee who does not wish to assign their right to a statutory notice payment to the States is advised to take legal advice regarding their options for pursuing their claim through the Courts as a creditor.
Employees must make every effort to ensure that applications can be processed as quickly as possible. Any delays in providing the information that has been requested to validate claims, or in signing the legal document, will lead to delays in issuing payments.
- It is the intention that any payments due to each individual will be made as soon as possible after each four week payment period, subject to statutory notice entitlements (in accordance with Annex 1) and complete submission of all paperwork.
- The Social Security Department will take action to reclaim any monies that have been falsely claimed by an employee.
- Any other amounts owed to an employee by the employer or the insolvency practitioner, such as holiday pay and wages owed, as well as other contractual amounts such as contractual notice where that is greater than the statutory notice, can be claimed by the employee as a creditor via the insolvency proceedings.
- An employee who disagrees with a decision made by the Social Security Department regarding their compensatory notice payment will have the right to request a review by the Social Security Minister whose decision will be final.
- The principles and rules of the scheme have been determined by the Social Security Minister, as set out in this Report, and are not grounds for Ministerial review.
Annex 1 – Statutory period of notice under the Employment (Jersey) Law 2003
Employee’s length of continuous service for that employer | Minimum number of weeks’ notice |
Up to 26 weeks | 1 week |
More than 26 weeks but less than 1 year | 2 weeks |
More than 2 years but less than 5 years | 4 weeks |
More than 5 years but less than 10 years | 8 weeks |
More than 10 years but less than 15 years | 12 weeks |
15 years or more | 16 weeks |
Annex 2 – Definition of “employee”
(1) In this Law –
(a) “employer” means a person who employs another person; and
(b) “employee” means a person who is employed by an employer.
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a person is employed by another person if the first person works for the second person under a contract of service or apprenticeship with the second person.
(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a person is also employed by another person if the first person enters into any other contract with the second person under which –
(a) the first person undertakes to do, or to perform personally, work or services for the second person; and
(b) the status of the second person is not that of a client or customer of any profession or trade or business undertaking that is carried on by the first person.
(4) It is immaterial whether a contract to which paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) refers is express or implied.
(5) If the contract is express, it is immaterial whether it is oral or in writing.
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