Endometriosis

​​​​​​​About Endometriosis

Endometriosis is when tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other parts of your body. It’s a common condition and can affect your daily life. 

The cause of endometriosis is unknown. However, it can sometimes run in families.

You can find out more about endometriosis on NHS Inform.

Symptoms

Symptoms can be different for everyone, and some people don’t have any. Symptoms can also change over time. They may include:

• pain in the lower stomach, pelvis, back or legs
• period pain that stops you from doing daily activities
• pain when you are ovulating
• heavy periods or periods lasting longer than normal
• pain during or after sex
• pain or bleeding when peeing or pooing
• bleeding from the rectum or blood in your poo during your period
• bloating in your tummy
• ongoing tiredness and fatigue
  
• difficulty getting pregnant

When to contact your GP

Book an appointment with your doctor if you experience any symptoms.

Symptoms for endometriosis can be similar to other health conditions, so getting a diagnosis can help you get the right treatment and support.

List of surgeries and GPs in Jersey

Out of Hours GP service

Getting a diagnosis

Endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose. Your doctor may ask you about:

• your period pain and where you feel it
• any pain or bleeding when passing urine or having a bowel movement
• your menstrual cycle, including:
• when you get your period
• how long it lasts normally
• how heavy it is
• if you’ve had any changes in your cycle over time
• other treatments you have tried

Testing for endometriosis 

Laparoscopy

A laparoscopy is the main way to diagnose endometriosis. It’s a small operation carried out under general anaesthetic. A camera is inserted near the belly button to check for signs of endometriosis. During a laparoscopy, they may:

• take tissue samples for testing
• treat areas that are affected by endometriosis

Not everyone needs a laparoscopy. Symptoms can sometimes be managed without surgery.

You can learn more about what’s involved in getting a laparosco​py on NHS.

Your doctor may also recommend: 

• a pelvic examination using a speculum to examine the vagina and cervix
• an internal exam to check for areas of tenderness, swelling, or abnormalities such as masses or growths
• an ultrasound scan to look for signs of endometriosis or related conditions
  
• an MRI scan​
  

A chaperone will be available for intimate examinations. You can also request a female doctor or healthcare professional if you would feel more comfortable.

If your symptoms continue or further tests are needed, you may be referred to a gynaecologist for specialist care.

Treatment

There’s no cure, but treatments can help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Things you can do to help

Some people find relief of their symptoms from:

• applying a hot water bottle or heat pad to the lower abdomen
• taking a warm bath
• using pain relief medicines or anti-inflammat​ory medicines

Hormone treatment

Hormonal treatments work by lowering oestrogen. Oestrogen encourages endometriosis growth. Options include:

• combined pill
• progesterone-only pill
  
• patch
  
• injection
• intrauterine system (IUS), known as the coil
  
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It creates a temporary menopause-like state, usually combined with HRT to reduce side effects

Surgery

Surgery may be recommended if symptoms are severe or if other treatments have not worked. Options may include:

• removing or destroying areas of endometriosis during laparoscopy
• surgery to remove scar tissue that may have formed
• removing ovarian cysts caused by endometriosis, if they are causing symptoms or complications
  

Sometimes a hysterectomy is recommended. This is when the womb is removed. It’s only considered when other treatments haven’t worked.

Having a hysterectomy will not cure endometriosis completely, as the condition can affect areas outside the womb.

If the ovaries are also removed during surg​ery, menopause will occur. HRT (hormone replacement therapy) may be recommended to help manage menopausal symptoms.

Your doctor will:

• discuss the most suitable treatment options for you
• explain the benefits and risks
• answer any questions you may have

Learn more about having a hysterectomy on NHS.

Fertility and endometriosis

Many people with endometriosis can get pregnant naturally, but for others it can make it more difficult.

Certain treatments can also affect your fertility. If you are worried about fertility, speak to your doctor. They can talk to you about the options available.

Find out more about the support available if you are planning on getting pregnant.

Living with endometriosis

For support and advice, talk to your GP or healthcare professional. Having a conversation about how you're feeling can help you access the support you need.

Check out the video about living with endometriosis b​y NHS24 on YouTube.