X-ray examinations and radiation safety

​Having the right examination

It’s important to have the right examination at the right time. We only accept requests for X-ray examinations when the expected benefit is greater than the risk.

We compare:

• the possible harm from radiation exposure
  
• the harm you may face if you do not have the examination

CT scans give the highest dose of radiation. They’re usually used to diagnose more complex conditions.

Ultrasound and MRI scans are very good for some parts of the body. In some cases, however, X-rays are better or the only suitable option.

Amounts of radiation you get

Everyone is exposed to background radiation every day. 

This comes from:

• the ground
• outer space
• the food we eat
• the air we breathe​
  

A chest X-ray gives a similar dose of radiation to a few days of background radiation. All diagnostic X-ray examinations are considered low dose, including CT scans. 

CT scans give more radiation than most other X-ray examinations.

The exact dose depends on the type of examination and additional factors, such as body weight.

Children are more sensitive to X-rays than adults, and the risk from X-rays also reduces as you get older.

Comparisons with background radiation

The table below shows comparisons with background radiation.

X-rays and pregnancy

If you need an X-ray whilst pregnant, we consider:

• the radiation dose to the parent and baby
• whether the examination can be delayed until after birth

Staying in the room during an X-ray

If you need to stay in the room with your child, or you’re supporting someone during an X-ray, your radiation dose is much lower than the patients.

The radiographer will:

• explain the procedure and any risks
• give you a protective lead apron
• tell you where it is safest to stand

You’ll be asked to sign a form so we can keep a record of who is present when an X-ray is taken.

Read more about X-rays and radiation safety on the British Institute of Radiology website.

Radiation safety checks and accreditation

We carefully check all requests for X-rays before accepting them and​:

• review previous examinations where possible
• consider whether an alternative examination, such as ultrasound or MRI would be more appropriate.

We monitor radiation doses for all examinations and compare them with national standards. Our aim is to produce high quality images using the lowest possible dose.

All staff are trained and keep their radiation safety knowledge up to date. X-ray equipment is replaced regularly, maintained by specialist engineers, and tested regularly.

Radiation safety experts from the UK carry out annual inspections. They report their findings to senior hospital managers.

The Radiology Department is also accredited by UKAS under the BS 70000 standards. This means our services meet recognised quality and safety requirements, and our staff provide care in a safe, well-managed environment.​